What term is used for the division of government responsibilities into different branches?

The correct term for the division of government responsibilities into different branches is "separation of powers." This concept is foundational to modern democratic governance and is designed to prevent the concentration of power within a single entity. By dividing authority among different branches, typically the executive, legislative, and judicial branches, it ensures that each branch has distinct powers and responsibilities, which can provide checks on each other's authority. This separation establishes a system where various government functions are managed independently, promoting accountability and reducing the potential for abuse of power.

In contrast, "checks and balances" refers to the mechanisms that enable one branch of government to limit the powers of the others, working alongside the separation of powers to maintain a balanced government. "Legislative authority" specifically pertains to the powers exercised by the legislative branch to create laws, while "constitutional balance" is not a standard term used to describe the division of government responsibilities. Each of these other terms focuses on different aspects of governance and does not encapsulate the broad structural principle that separation of powers represents.