Which document outlines the fundamental rights granted to American citizens?

The Bill of Rights is the document that specifically outlines the fundamental rights granted to American citizens. Ratified in 1791, it consists of the first ten amendments to the United States Constitution. These amendments guarantee essential rights such as freedom of speech, religion, the right to bear arms, the right to a fair trial, and protection against unreasonable searches and seizures, among others.

While the Constitution itself establishes the framework of the government and its powers, the Bill of Rights explicitly articulates the individual liberties and protections afforded to the citizens, making it crucial for understanding the rights of individuals in the American context.

The other documents mentioned have different purposes: The Constitution provides the structural framework for government; The Federalist Papers were written to advocate for the ratification of the Constitution and explain its provisions; and The Declaration of Independence primarily articulates the reasons for seeking independence from Britain and outlines the philosophical principles of governance but does not enumerate specific rights as the Bill of Rights does.